AntColonyalgorithm,ACO，SimulatedAnnealing,SA，Ar tificialBeeColonyalgorithm,ABC，GeneticAlgorithm,GA，ParticleSwarmOptimizationalgorithm,PSO The term Improved Aquila Optimizer (IAO) refers to a family of enhanced versions of the original Aquila Optimizer (AO)—a nature‑inspired metaheuristic algorithm modeled on the hunting strategies of Aquila (eagle) https://jsuese.scu.edu.cn/zh/article/doi/10.12454/j.jsuese.202401029/