buildingSMART DPP Demo

A demonstration implementation of Digital Product Passports for construction products.

Proof-of-concept conforming to draft European standards prEN 18216--18223 and ISO 22057:2022, developed in the context of the DPP Keystone initiative. Product properties are linked to the buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD) and identified using GS1 identifiers.

Disclaimer: This is a demonstration project. All product data is illustrative. The prEN standards are drafts under CEN enquiry and may change before final publication. This implementation is not affiliated with or endorsed by CEN, ISO, or the European Commission.

Live demo: bsdd-dpp.dev

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Live Demo

Hosted at bsdd-dpp.dev. All processing runs entirely client-side; no data is uploaded to a server.

IFC Enrichment Tool

Four-step workflow for enriching IFC building models with DPP data:

1. Upload -- Select an IFC file
2. Review -- Inspect element-to-product assignments
3. Process -- In-browser enrichment with real-time progress
4. Export -- Download the enriched IFC file

Writes into the IFC model: property sets, bSDD classification references, EPD indicators (EN 15804+A2), document references (DoP, EPD), GS1 identifiers (GTIN, Digital Links), and DPP resolver links (DID:web).

Emissions Calculator

Three-step whole-building LCA tool:

1. Upload -- Load an IFC file (optionally enriched from the previous tool)
2. Configure -- Select EN 15804+A2 life cycle modules (A1--A3, A4, A5, C2--C4)
3. Results -- Environmental impact results with material and module breakdowns (export to CSV/JSON)

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Standards Conformance

Standard	Scope
prEN 18223:2025	System interoperability and data model
prEN 18222:2025	API specification
prEN 18221:2025	Storage, archiving, and persistence
prEN 18220:2025	Data carriers (QR codes)
prEN 18219:2025	Unique identifiers (DIDs, GS1)
prEN 18216:2025	Data exchange protocols (JSON-LD, HTTPS)
ISO 22057:2022	Data templates for EPD in BIM
EN 15804+A2	Environmental product declarations (LCA indicators)

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Architecture

graph TD
    subgraph Server ["REST API (FastAPI)"]
        API["API Endpoints<br/>prEN 18222"]
        HTML["HTML Views<br/>Human-readable"]
        STATIC["Static Assets"]
    end

    subgraph Data ["DPP Data Layer"]
        DPP["JSON-LD DPP Files<br/>prEN 18223"]
        ONT["OWL Ontology &<br/>SHACL Shapes"]
        MAP["Property Mapping<br/>bSDD URIs"]
    end

    subgraph Web ["Web Tools (client-side)"]
        ENRICH["IFC Enrichment Tool<br/>/enrich/"]
        LCA["Emissions Calculator<br/>/lca/"]
    end

    subgraph Carriers ["Data Carriers"]
        QR["QR Codes<br/>GS1 Digital Link"]
    end

    DPP --> API
    ONT --> API
    API --> HTML
    API --> QR
    MAP --> ENRICH
    DPP --> ENRICH
    ENRICH --> LCA
    STATIC --> ENRICH
    STATIC --> LCA

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Getting Started

Prerequisites: Python 3.10+, Node.js 18+ (for building web tools from source).

# Install and start the API server
cd api && pip install -r requirements.txt && python main.py

The server starts at http://localhost:8000 with API docs at /docs, IFC enrichment at /enrich/, and emissions calculator at /emissions/.

To build web tools from source: cd web && npm install && npm run build (output goes to api/static/).

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Sample DPPs

Product	Type	Key Properties	GTIN
Knauf Acoustic Batt	Mineral wool insulation	Thermal conductivity, fire reaction, sound absorption	04012345678901
Schilliger Glulam GL24h	Engineered timber	Bending strength, density, formaldehyde emission	07611234567890
PVC Sewage Pipe	Infrastructure pipe	Ring stiffness, impact resistance, chemical resistance	04098765432109

Each DPP includes bSDD-linked properties, EPD data per ISO 22057, Declaration of Performance data, and linked documents with SHA-256 hash verification.

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REST API

Conforms to prEN 18222:2025. Supports content negotiation (JSON-LD or HTML).

Method	Endpoint	Description
POST	/dpps	Create a new DPP
GET	/dpps/{dppId}	Retrieve a DPP
PATCH	/dpps/{dppId}	Update (JSON Merge Patch)
DELETE	/dpps/{dppId}	Delete a DPP
GET	/dppsByProductId/{productId}	Look up by product identifier
POST	/registerDPP	Register with EU registry (simulated)

Identifier resolution:

• DID:web: GET /dpps/did:web:bsdd-dpp.dev:dpp:{product-id}
• GS1 Digital Link: GET /id/01/{GTIN}/21/{SERIAL}

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Data Model

Each DPP document (prEN 18223) contains:

• Header -- DPP ID (DID:web), status, schema version, timestamps
• Economic operator -- Organisation with LEI and GLN identifiers
• Product identifiers -- GTIN (GS1), manufacturer part number
• Data collections -- Product properties (bSDD), EPD data (ISO 22057 / EN 15804+A2), DoPC, linked documents, data carriers
• Change log -- Audit trail with actor, timestamp, and change type

Identifier schemes

DID:web (DPP documents), GS1 GTIN (products), LEI (organisations), GLN (facilities).

EPD indicators (EN 15804+A2)

LCIA: GWP (total, fossil, biogenic, luluc), ODP, AP, EP (freshwater, marine, terrestrial), POCP, ADPE, ADPF. Life cycle stages A1--A3, A4, A5, B1--B7, C1--C4, D.

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Semantic Interoperability

All properties link to:

• bSDD -- Property and classification URIs for all product properties
• GS1 -- Product and organisation identifiers (GTIN, GLN, Digital Link)
• IFC -- IfcExternalReference for bSDD URIs; IfcDocumentReference for EPD/DoP/DPP documents

Property-to-IFC mapping is defined in mapping/mapping.csv.

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Ontology and Validation

OWL 2 ontology (ontology/dpp-ontology.jsonld) under namespace https://w3id.org/dpp#: 21 classes, 16 object properties, 30 datatype properties, with equivalence mappings to schema.org. Served at GET /ontology.

SHACL shapes (ontology/dpp-shacl.jsonld): 9 validation shapes conforming to prEN 18216--18223 (DigitalProductPassport, Organisation, ProductIdentifier, DataElementCollection, DataElement, ValueElement, ChangeEvent, DeclarationOfPerformance, Document). Served at GET /ontology/shacl.

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Declaration of Performance (DoPC)

Each DPP includes DoPC data with declaration code, harmonised standard, AVCP system, and notified body.

Product	Harmonised Standard	Key Declared Properties
Knauf Acoustic Batt	EN 13162:2012+A1:2015	Thermal conductivity, fire reaction, sound absorption
Schilliger Glulam	EN 14080:2013	Strength class (GL24h), bending strength, density
PVC Sewage Pipe	EN 1401-1:2019	Ring stiffness, impact resistance, chemical resistance

All DoPC properties are linked to bSDD URIs with provenance metadata referencing the source DoP document.

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References and Standards

European standards (draft)

• prEN 18216--18223:2025 -- Digital Product Passport for construction products (data exchange, identifiers, data carriers, storage, API, data model)

International standards

• ISO 22057:2022 -- Data templates for EPDs in BIM
• EN 15804+A2 -- Environmental product declarations
• ISO 23386 / ISO 23387 -- Interconnected data dictionaries

External resources

• DPP Keystone -- Reference framework for Digital Product Passports
• buildingSMART Data Dictionary (bSDD) -- Classification and property definitions
• GS1 Digital Link -- Identifier resolution standard
• ESPR -- EU Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation

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Disclaimer: This is a demonstration. All product data is illustrative and does not represent real manufacturer declarations. The prEN 18216--18223 standards are drafts under CEN enquiry and subject to change.