Merge branch '4.0.x'

Closes gh-49732

Author: philwebb

core/spring-boot/src/main/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigDataEnvironment.java

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 package org.springframework.boot.context.config;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
@@ -201,22 +200,23 @@ ConfigDataEnvironmentContributors getContributors() {
 
 	private List<ConfigDataEnvironmentContributor> getInitialImportContributors(Binder binder) {
 		List<ConfigDataEnvironmentContributor> initialContributors = new ArrayList<>();
-		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors, bindLocations(binder, IMPORT_PROPERTY, EMPTY_LOCATIONS));
-		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors,
-				bindLocations(binder, ADDITIONAL_LOCATION_PROPERTY, EMPTY_LOCATIONS));
-		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors,
-				bindLocations(binder, LOCATION_PROPERTY, DEFAULT_SEARCH_LOCATIONS));
+		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors, binder, IMPORT_PROPERTY, EMPTY_LOCATIONS, false);
+		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors, binder, ADDITIONAL_LOCATION_PROPERTY, EMPTY_LOCATIONS, true);
+		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors, binder, LOCATION_PROPERTY, DEFAULT_SEARCH_LOCATIONS, true);
 		return initialContributors;
 	}
 
-	private ConfigDataLocation[] bindLocations(Binder binder, String propertyName, ConfigDataLocation[] other) {
-		return binder.bind(propertyName, CONFIG_DATA_LOCATION_ARRAY).orElse(other);
-	}
-
-	private void addInitialImportContributors(List<ConfigDataEnvironmentContributor> initialContributors,
-			ConfigDataLocation[] locations) {
-		addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors,
-				Arrays.stream(locations).filter(ConfigDataLocation::isNotEmpty).toList());
+	private void addInitialImportContributors(List<ConfigDataEnvironmentContributor> initialContributors, Binder binder,
+			String propertyName, ConfigDataLocation[] defaultValue, boolean registerIndividually) {
+		ConfigDataLocation[] locations = binder.bind(propertyName, CONFIG_DATA_LOCATION_ARRAY).orElse(defaultValue);
+		if (registerIndividually) {
+			for (int i = locations.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+				addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors, List.of(locations[i]));
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			addInitialImportContributors(initialContributors, List.of(locations));
+		}
 	}
 
 	private void addInitialImportContributors(List<ConfigDataEnvironmentContributor> initialContributors,

core/spring-boot/src/test/java/org/springframework/boot/context/config/ConfigDataEnvironmentTests.java

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.net.URL;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Enumeration;
@@ -30,6 +32,7 @@
 import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.TestInfo;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.io.TempDir;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
 import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;
 
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ void createCreatesInitialImportContributorsInCorrectOrder() {
 			.map(ConfigDataEnvironmentContributor::getImports)
 			.map(Object::toString)
 			.toArray();
-		assertThat(imports).containsExactly("[i1, i2]", "[a1, a2]", "[l1, l2]");
+		assertThat(imports).containsExactly("[i1, i2]", "[a2]", "[a1]", "[l2]", "[l1]");
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -382,6 +385,19 @@ public Enumeration<URL> getResources(String name) throws IOException {
 			.containsOnly(SeparateClassLoaderConfigDataLoader.class);
 	}
 
+	@Test // gh-49724
+	@WithResource(name = "application-local.properties", content = "test.property=classpath-local")
+	void processAndApplyWhenExternalFileConfigOverridesProfileSpecificClasspathConfig(@TempDir Path tempDir)
+			throws IOException {
+		Files.writeString(tempDir.resolve("application.properties"), "test.property=file-default\n");
+		this.environment.setProperty("spring.config.location",
+				"optional:classpath:/,optional:file:" + tempDir.toAbsolutePath() + "/");
+		ConfigDataEnvironment configDataEnvironment = new ConfigDataEnvironment(this.logFactory, this.bootstrapContext,
+				this.environment, this.resourceLoader, List.of("local"), null);
+		configDataEnvironment.processAndApply();
+		assertThat(this.environment.getProperty("test.property")).isEqualTo("file-default");
+	}
+
 	private String getConfigLocation(TestInfo info) {
 		return "optional:classpath:" + info.getTestClass().get().getName().replace('.', '/') + "-"
 				+ info.getTestMethod().get().getName() + ".properties";