[Native Image] ClassCastException during points-to analysis on JDK 25 (LambdaSubstitutionType -> HotSpotResolvedObjectTypeImpl)

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Describe the Issue

Native Image fails during points-to analysis with an internal ClassCastException when building a large Spring Boot 4.1.0 application on Linux AArch64.

The failing cast is:
com.oracle.svm.hosted.lambda.LambdaSubstitutionType
-> jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotResolvedObjectTypeImpl

The same issue reproduces on:

1. GraalVM CE 25.0.1
2. BellSoft Liberica NIK 25.0.2

Spring AOT (spring-boot:process-aot) succeeds. The failure happens only during Native Image analysis.

Using the latest version of GraalVM can resolve many issues.

• I tried with the latest version of GraalVM.

GraalVM Version

Environment A (GraalVM CE):

• Java version: 25.0.1+8
• Vendor version: GraalVM CE 25.0.1+8.1
• Graal compiler optimization level: 2
• Target machine: compatibility
• Garbage collector: Serial GC
• C compiler: gcc 10.3.0 (Linux AArch64)

Environment B (Liberica NIK):

• Java version: 25.0.2+13-LTS
• Vendor version: Liberica-NIK-25.0.2-1
• Graal compiler optimization level: 2
• Target machine: compatibility
• Garbage collector: Parallel GC
• C compiler: gcc 10.3.0 (Linux AArch64)

Operating System and Version

Linux (AArch64)

Build Command

mvn -Pnative -Dmaven.test.skip=true native:compile

Expected Behavior

Native Image should complete points-to analysis and generate the native executable.

If unsupported code is encountered, the tool should report actionable method/type/signature context instead of terminating with an internal ClassCastException.

Actual Behavior

Native Image reaches:
[2/8] Performing analysis...

After ~40–50 minutes, it fails with:

java.lang.ClassCastException:
class com.oracle.svm.hosted.lambda.LambdaSubstitutionType
cannot be cast to
class jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotResolvedObjectTypeImpl

Representative stack frames:

• HotSpotResolvedObjectTypeImpl.isDefinitelyResolvedWithRespectTo
• HotSpotSignature.checkValidCache
• HotSpotSignature.getParameterType
• AnalysisUniverse.lookup
• AnalysisMethod.
• NativeImagePointsToAnalysis.fallbackResolveConcreteMethod
• AnalysisType.resolveConcreteMethod

In one GraalVM CE run before failure:

• 70,412 types, 236,383 fields, 94,107 methods reachable
• 59,501 types, 277,202 fields, 567,595 methods registered for reflection

Steps to Reproduce

1. Run Spring AOT processing:
   mvn -Dmaven.test.skip=true spring-boot:process-aot

2. Confirm Spring AOT completes successfully.

3. Build native image:
   mvn -Pnative -Dmaven.test.skip=true native:compile

4. Wait until points-to analysis phase ([2/8] Performing analysis...).

5. After ~40–50 minutes, build fails with the internal ClassCastException above.

Additional Context

Application/build context:

• Spring Boot: 4.1.0
• Build tool: Maven
• Available processors: 14
• Native Image Builder max heap: 48 GB
• Application is proprietary; no minimal reproducer is currently available.

Additional warnings before crash:

• Unknown attribute(s) [module] in bundle descriptor object
• Unknown attribute(s) [comment] in regex resource descriptor object
• Netty warning around sun.misc.Unsafe::allocateMemory
• RecomputeFieldValue.ArrayIndexScale warning for shaded JCTools class

These warnings are included for completeness and do not appear in the fatal stack trace.

Diagnostics mode was enabled.
I can provide:

• full diagnostics archive
• full build log
• exact expanded native-image command line
• additional test results with snapshot/nightly builds

Build Log Output and Error Messages

Fatal error:
java.lang.ClassCastException:
class com.oracle.svm.hosted.lambda.LambdaSubstitutionType
cannot be cast to
class jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotResolvedObjectTypeImpl

Representative stack frames:
at jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotResolvedObjectTypeImpl.isDefinitelyResolvedWithRespectTo
at jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotSignature.checkValidCache
at jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotSignature.getParameterType
at com.oracle.graal.pointsto.meta.AnalysisUniverse.lookup
at com.oracle.graal.pointsto.meta.AnalysisMethod.
at com.oracle.svm.hosted.analysis.NativeImagePointsToAnalysis.fallbackResolveConcreteMethod
at com.oracle.graal.pointsto.meta.AnalysisType.resolveConcreteMethod

Same essential exception and stack pattern reproduced on Liberica NIK 25.0.2.