Verify blob version for cached model (#32940)

### Details:
- Add c++ struct to store openvino build version. Add a build number
parser.
 - Parse compiled blob version and compare it with runtime version
 - Add tests

### Tickets:
 - CVS-176170
 - CVS-176185

Author: olpipi

src/common/util/include/openvino/util/ov_version.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018-2026 Intel Corporation
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <regex>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include "openvino/core/except.hpp"
+
+namespace ov::util {
+/**
+ * @brief Represents OpenVINO version with major, minor, patch, tweak, and build numbers.
+ *
+ * This structure parses and stores version information following the pattern:
+ * MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH[.TWEAK]-BUILD-...
+ * or a standalone build number.
+ *
+ * The version components can be compared using standard comparison operators.
+ */
+struct Version {
+    size_t major = 0;
+    size_t minor = 0;
+    size_t patch = 0;
+    size_t tweak = 0;
+    size_t build = 0;
+
+    explicit Version(const char* version_str) {
+        // Pattern: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH[.TWEAK]-BUILD-...
+        std::regex full_pattern(R"(^([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))?\-([0-9]+)\-.*)");
+        std::regex build_only_pattern(R"(^[0-9]+$)");
+        std::cmatch match;
+
+        if (std::regex_match(version_str, match, full_pattern)) {
+            major = std::stoi(match[1].str());
+            minor = std::stoi(match[2].str());
+            patch = std::stoi(match[3].str());
+
+            // match[4] is the entire optional group (\.TWEAK), match[5] is TWEAK
+            // the 4th version number is not used in OpenVINO, but used in OpenVINO extensions
+            if (match[4].matched) {
+                tweak = std::stoi(match[4].str());
+            }
+
+            build = std::stoi(match[5].str());
+        } else if (std::regex_match(version_str, build_only_pattern)) {
+            // Parse as just a build number
+            build = std::stoi(version_str);
+        } else {
+            OPENVINO_THROW("Failed to parse version: ", version_str);
+        }
+    }
+
+    explicit Version(std::string_view version_str) : Version(version_str.data()) {}
+
+    // Comparison operators
+    bool operator==(const Version& other) const {
+        return std::tie(major, minor, patch, tweak, build) ==
+               std::tie(other.major, other.minor, other.patch, other.tweak, other.build);
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const Version& other) const {
+        return !(*this == other);
+    }
+
+    bool operator<(const Version& other) const {
+        return std::tie(major, minor, patch, tweak, build) <
+               std::tie(other.major, other.minor, other.patch, other.tweak, other.build);
+    }
+
+    bool operator>(const Version& other) const {
+        return other < *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator<=(const Version& other) const {
+        return !(other < *this);
+    }
+
+    bool operator>=(const Version& other) const {
+        return !(*this < other);
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Policy for determining version compatibility between two versions.
+ *
+ * This structure defines the maximum allowed difference for each version component.
+ * By default, all differences are allowed.
+ */
+struct VersionCompatibilityPolicy {
+    size_t max_major_diff = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+    size_t max_minor_diff = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+    size_t max_patch_diff = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+    size_t max_tweak_diff = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+    size_t max_build_diff = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Checks if two versions are compatible based on the given policy.
+ *
+ * This function determines whether an older version is compatible with a newer version
+ * by checking if the difference in each version component (major, minor, patch, tweak, build)
+ * is within the limits specified by the compatibility policy.
+ *
+ * @param older_version The older version to check compatibility for.
+ * @param newer_version The newer version to compare against.
+ * @param policy The compatibility policy defining maximum allowed differences for each version component.
+ *               Default policy allows all differences.
+ * @return true if the versions are compatible according to the policy, false otherwise.
+ *         Returns false if older_version is actually greater than newer_version.
+ */
+inline bool is_version_compatible(const Version& older_version,
+                                  const Version& newer_version,
+                                  const VersionCompatibilityPolicy& policy = {}) {
+    if (older_version > newer_version) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check each version component against policy
+    if (newer_version.major - older_version.major > policy.max_major_diff) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (newer_version.minor - older_version.minor > policy.max_minor_diff) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (newer_version.patch - older_version.patch > policy.max_patch_diff) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (newer_version.tweak - older_version.tweak > policy.max_tweak_diff) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (newer_version.build - older_version.build > policy.max_build_diff) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+}  // namespace ov::util