docs(guides): add comprehensive new pattern development guide

Add step-by-step workflow documentation for developing new algorithm
patterns including:
- Phase 1: Solution files with JUDGE_FUNC
- Phase 2: Test infrastructure (generators + test files)
- Phase 3: Pattern documentation (meta/patterns + docs/patterns)
- Phase 4: Ontology and metadata updates
- Phase 5: Mindmap integration
- Phase 6: Version control workflow

Includes complete checklist and Monotonic Stack as reference example.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: lufftw