| Protocol / Method | Type of Transmission | Compatible Apps / OS | Compatible Receiver Devices / OS | Network / Signal Used |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Google Cast | Media streaming, screen mirroring | YouTube, Netflix, Chrome, VLC, Spotify (Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, Linux) | Chromecast, Google TV, Android TV, Smart TVs, speakers | Wi-Fi (LAN) |
| Miracast | Screen mirroring | Windows (native), Android (native/apps), Linux (limited), macOS (limited) | Smart TVs, Windows PCs, Miracast dongles | Wi-Fi Direct |
| DLNA/UPnP | Media streaming, file sharing | Windows Media Player, VLC, BubbleUPnP, AllConnect (Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS) | Smart TVs, media players, Windows, macOS, Linux | Wi-Fi, LAN |
| Bluetooth | Audio streaming, file sharing | System audio/file apps (Android, iOS, Windows, macOS, Linux) | Speakers, headphones, TVs, computers | Bluetooth |
| AirPlay | Media streaming, screen mirroring | iOS, macOS (native), AirScreen, AllCast (Android, Windows) | Apple TV, AirPlay-enabled TVs, Windows (with software) | Wi-Fi (LAN) |
| Web-based Casting | Media streaming, screen sharing | Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, WebRTC apps (Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS) | Any device with browser, Smart TVs | Wi-Fi, LAN |
- Android / iOS → Google TV / Android TV / Chromecast: Google Cast (media, mirroring), DLNA (media), Bluetooth (audio).
- Windows → Smart TV / Chromecast / Miracast dongle: Google Cast (via Chrome), Miracast (native), DLNA (media), Bluetooth (audio).
- macOS / iOS → Apple TV / AirPlay-enabled TV: AirPlay (media, mirroring), DLNA (media via apps), Bluetooth (audio).
- Linux → Smart TV / Chromecast / Miracast dongle: Google Cast (via Chrome), DLNA (media), Miracast (limited), Bluetooth (audio).
- Cross-platform (any OS) → Browser / Smart TV: Web-based casting (media, screen sharing), DLNA (media), Bluetooth (audio).
Strengths & Limitations:
- Latency: Google Cast and AirPlay offer low latency; Miracast moderate; DLNA and Bluetooth higher.
- Stability: Google Cast and AirPlay are stable on native devices; Miracast and DLNA depend on network quality.
- Use Cases: Media streaming (Google Cast, DLNA, AirPlay), screen mirroring (Google Cast, Miracast, AirPlay), audio (Bluetooth), cross-platform (Web-based, DLNA).