diff --git a/CHANGES/1591.packaging.rst b/CHANGES/1591.packaging.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cd0a3c28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CHANGES/1591.packaging.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Starting this version, when building the wheels is happening
+in an automatically created temporary directory, the build
+backend makes an effort to normalize the respective file
+system path to a deterministic source checkout directory.
+
+-- by :user:`webknjaz`
+
+It does so by injecting the ``-ffile-prefix-map`` compiler
+option into the ``CFLAGS`` environment variable as suggested
+by known `reproducible build practices
+<https://reproducible-builds.org/docs/build-path/>`__.
+
+The effect is that downstreams will get more reproducible
+build results.
diff --git a/packaging/pep517_backend/_backend.py b/packaging/pep517_backend/_backend.py
index b7181d414..e9e4fb731 100644
--- a/packaging/pep517_backend/_backend.py
+++ b/packaging/pep517_backend/_backend.py
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ def _exclude_dir_path(
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def _in_temporary_directory(src_dir: Path) -> _c.Iterator[None]:
+def _in_temporary_directory(src_dir: Path) -> _c.Iterator[Path]:
     with TemporaryDirectory(prefix='.tmp-yarl-pep517-') as tmp_dir:
         tmp_dir_path = Path(tmp_dir)
         root_tmp_dir_path = tmp_dir_path.parent
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def _in_temporary_directory(src_dir: Path) -> _c.Iterator[None]:
                 symlinks=True,
             )
             os.chdir(tmp_src_dir)
-            yield
+            yield tmp_src_dir
 
 
 @contextmanager
@@ -356,12 +356,13 @@ def maybe_prebuild_c_extensions(
             stacklevel=999,
         )
 
+    original_src_dir = Path.cwd().resolve()
     build_dir_ctx = (
         nullcontext()
         if build_inplace
-        else _in_temporary_directory(src_dir=Path.cwd().resolve())
+        else _in_temporary_directory(src_dir=original_src_dir)
     )
-    with build_dir_ctx:
+    with build_dir_ctx as tmp_build_dir:
         config = _get_local_cython_config()
 
         cythonize_args = _make_cythonize_cli_args_from_config(
@@ -371,6 +372,8 @@ def maybe_prebuild_c_extensions(
         with _patched_cython_env(
             config['env'],
             cython_line_tracing_requested=cython_line_tracing_requested,
+            original_source_directory=original_src_dir,
+            temporary_build_directory=tmp_build_dir,
         ):
             _cythonize_cli_cmd(cythonize_args)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
         with patched_distutils_cmd_install():
diff --git a/packaging/pep517_backend/_cython_configuration.py b/packaging/pep517_backend/_cython_configuration.py
index 61b32367e..e4e53c363 100644
--- a/packaging/pep517_backend/_cython_configuration.py
+++ b/packaging/pep517_backend/_cython_configuration.py
@@ -184,6 +184,8 @@ def patched_env(
     env: dict[str, str],
     *,
     cython_line_tracing_requested: bool,
+    original_source_directory: Path | None = None,
+    temporary_build_directory: Path | None = None,
 ) -> _c.Iterator[None]:
     """Temporary set given env vars.
 
@@ -224,6 +226,16 @@ def patched_env(
                 '-DNDEBUG',  # disable assertions
             )
         ),
+        *(
+            # In-tree mode:
+            ()
+            if temporary_build_directory is None
+            # Temporary build directory mode:
+            else (
+                '-ffile-prefix-map='
+                f'{temporary_build_directory!s}={original_source_directory!s}',
+            )
+        ),
         # Finally, append the user-set env var, ensuring its top priority:
         orig_env.get('CFLAGS', ''),
         # Last thing, strip spaces caused by empty leading/trailing flags: