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Arxia Architecture Overview

Arxia is an offline-first Layer 1 blockchain built for environments with intermittent or no internet connectivity. It operates over LoRa, BLE, SMS, and satellite links using a block-lattice data structure and CRDT-based state reconciliation.

Layer Diagram

+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                       Applications / DApps                        |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                    DID / Verifiable Credentials                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                     WASM Smart Contract Runtime                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                      Finality Assessment (L0-L2)                  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|        Gossip Protocol  |  ORV Consensus  |  Conflict Resolution  |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  CRDT Reconciliation (PN-Counter, OR-Set)         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              Block Lattice (per-account DAG chains)               |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                  Cryptographic Primitives (Ed25519, Blake3)       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|            Transport Layer (LoRa / BLE / SMS / Satellite)         |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+

Crate Dependency Graph

arxia-core (types, errors, constants)
  +-- arxia-crypto (Ed25519, Blake3 — shipped;
                    ChaCha20, SLIP39 — stub: Err(Unimplemented), see
                    docs/protocol/CRYPTOGRAPHY.md)
       +-- arxia-lattice (Block, AccountChain, VectorClock)
       |    +-- arxia-crdt (PNCounter, ORSet, reconciliation)
       |    +-- arxia-consensus (ORV votes, conflict resolution, quorum)
       |    +-- arxia-gossip (nonce registry, sync protocol)
       +-- arxia-did (DID generation, W3C format)
       +-- arxia-transport (LoRa, BLE, SMS simulation)
            +-- arxia-relay (relay receipts, scoring, slashing)
  +-- arxia-finality (4-level assessment)
  +-- arxia-storage (pluggable backend)
  +-- arxia-wasm (contract runtime)
  +-- arxia-proto (protobuf definitions)

Design Principles

  1. Offline-first: Every operation must work without internet. Online connectivity improves finality but is never required for basic operation.

  2. Deterministic: BTreeMap for ordered iteration, xorshift64 PRNG for reproducible transport simulation, stable hash ordering for conflict resolution.

  3. Minimal trust: No oracles, no centralized coordinator. Consensus emerges from stake-weighted voting and CRDT convergence.

  4. Constrained-device friendly: 193-byte compact blocks fit LoRa 256B MTU. Ed25519 and Blake3 are efficient on ESP32.

  5. Partition tolerant: CRDTs guarantee eventual consistency after network partitions heal. No liveness dependency on quorum for local transactions.